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Causes for the Formation of Zaydi Alawites’ Uprisings before the Establishment of Zaydi Government in Tabarestan

1086-1088Full Text

Abolghasem Molaei Mahali* and Ghodrat Beyk Ilchi Beyk

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the causes and circumstances of formation of uprisings led by Zaydi Alawite leaders in Islamic lands before the establishment of the Alawite government in Tabarestan. In addition, the underlying factors contributing to the Husseini Zaydists’ uprisings in the Umayyad period and the silence of Hassani Zaydists during that time are discussed. Although most of these uprisings were severely suppressed, they set the ground for the formation of semi-independent governments in most Islamic lands and also contributed to the decay of Umayyad and Abbasid. The main factors contributing to these movements were rooted in tribal rivalry and Alawite Family’s Claim for caliphate against that of Umayyad and Abbasid’s. The excessive expansion of Islamic lands made the caliphs and their families too rich; not only they did not share their wealth with other tribes particularly Alawites, but also humiliated and tortured them and put them under economic pressure and cut their pension to control them. However, Alawites, helped by dissatisfied governors and encouraged by the Kufa’s opposition toward the Umayyad government in Damascus, took up a series of extensive struggles in most of the Islamic cities which eventually led to the decay and fall of caliphs. While investigating the Alawites’ uprisings, it should be noted that they were not united enough and did not use this opportunity appropriately; some Alawite governors were harshly criticized by their fellows, and this threatened their survival and finally led to their fall.

Study of some additives effect on chemical composition and nutritive value of phragmites australis forage silage with in vitro gas production method

1089-1094Full Text

Yousef Iranmanesh

Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate changes in chemical composition and nutritional value of common reed forage silage byin vitro gas production method. The experiment arranged in a factorial design 2×2×2 on based a completely randomized design. After determination of dry matter and chemical composition, gas production test and their parameters investigated in treatments.Results showed that the addition of mulberry leaves caused a significant increased in pH, CP, ASH content and reduction DM, EE, ADF and NDF content. Addition of barley flour caused a significant increased in EE, CP, ASH content and reduction pH, OM, ADF and NDF content. Addition of enzyme caused a significant increase CP and ASH content and reduction ADF and NDF content. Addition supplements mulberry leaves, barley flour and enzyme caused a significant different in CP, EE, ASH, OM, ADF and NDF content and there was no significant effect on the chemical composition. The findings obtained from in vitro gas production method revealed that the time incubation addition of mulberry leaves and barley flour caused increased, and enzyme except in times 2 and 4 caused increased gas productions value. In conclusion, considering the changes in cell wall contents, hemicelluloses contents and degradability values in the present study, it can be suggested that the use of additives mixed can be used to make good common reed forage silage.

SVR parameters tuning by Imperialist Canonical Algorithm to predict pipes failure rates

1095-1098Full Text

SeyedMahmood Tabatabaei, Mahdi Kalanki* and Moosa Kalanaki

Abstract
In this paper, Imperialist canonical algorithm (ICA) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) are combined to propose a model for predicting pipe failure rates. In this model, SVR used for simulation of the pipe failure rates and ICA algorithms tries to find the best SVR related parameters. Therefore, we can find the most appropriate relations of pipe failure rates and take necessary actions for decision-making that leads to resolve problems due to it.

An Exploration of the Productions of Adult Fluent and Non-fluent Aphasic Patients on the Basis of Benson (1967) theory and Nilipoor’s Persian Aphasia Test

1099-1104Full Text

Shirin Shami

Abstract
This article describes the results of analyzing the production of the adult fluent and nonfluent aphasic patients based on the Benson (1967) theory and Nilipoor’s Persian Aphasia Test. To differentiate these two groups the normal speed of speech, the length of speech chunk and the number of repetitions were the measurement scales. This article attempts to raise awareness to investigate about how people with aphasia communicate with their everyday people and how they manage the conversations besides the problems they encounter in everyday talks. For this purpose, the oral language productions of both fluent and non-fluent aphasic groups participated in interview sessions and their accomplishment of the communicative tasks were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed. Within the outcomes of this exploration, the researcher found that the fluent and non-fluent groups have the least scores in word dictations and sentence dictations.

A review of mentioned Industries in Quran and religious references

1105-1108Full Text

Vahid Bahmani, Mohammad Bahmani, Hossein Azizinejad, Alireza Ghasemi, Hassan Sabzevari, Reza Afsordeh and Mahmoud Bahmani

Abstract
The holy and sacred Quran includes Divine, social, political, historical, industrial science, psychology, medical teachings and etc. regarding to the type and nature of the research, the research reference is Quran and its method is review. In this study from Quran and other religious books and Islamic sciences these subjects were compiled which are related to Military industry, dam construction, armory construction ,agriculture ,Aviation industry, ship navigation, fishing and diving and tourism industry.Quran is an instructive book and contains science, religious, and medical teachings and inspired many sciences, therefore, deeper consideration into the scientific and divine teachings of the Quran could be a background for Sciences development.

Study of Gas Injection Performance under Different Production Scenarios in one of the South-West Iranian Reservoirs

1109-1113Full Text

Behzad Nozohour-Leolabady*, Reza Taherdangkoo and Hadi Hamyali

Abstract
One of the most effective methods in oil production and EOR is gas injection. Gas injection is the oldest of the fluid injection processes. The idea of using a gas for the purpose of maintaining reservoir pressure. Gas injection is performed in different type such as miscible and immiscible injection. In this paper, we used immiscible gas injection for secondary oil recovery. Also, three scenarios have been considered for this project.

The irreducible soluble subgroup of GL(2,pk)

1114-1121Full Text

Behnam Razzaghmaneshi

Abstract
There is no abstract!

Identify and prioritize the factors affecting the implementation of agile manufacturing (Case Study: Khui Sugar Factory)

1122-1124Full Text

Gholam Reza Taleghani, Amir Hossein Amirkhani and Huliya Froughi*

Abstract
Since environmental changes have affected many aspects of the organization, organizations must use appropriate solutions to adapt themselves dynamically to the environmental changes, so they can be able to sustain themselves. One of the best ways to deal with environmental changes is guiding the organization toward being an agile organization. The organization with an agile design has a unique organizational structure that causes the organization to carry out its processes with more efficiency. So, in this study, the effect of agile structure of organization in the implementation of aspects of speed, responding to customers’ needs, flexibility, competence of employees, empowerment and job security has been reviewed. The research method of this study was descriptive analytical and in terms of purpose, it was an applied study. The main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the considered aspects on making the organizations agile. In the present study, after careful study of the relevant literature, the general indicators affecting on the organizational agility were analyzed and researched. And then these variables and their impacts on the agility of manufacturing organizations were prioritized.

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using a stirred batch reactor

1125-1130Full Text

Amir hasheminezhad*, Seyed jafar hashemi and Seyed Reza Tabatabaie

Abstract
In recent years, biofuels have been more interested due to rising prices of fossil fuels. Meanwhile, the methyl esters of fatty acids, which are called biodiesel, because of relatively simple production process, same characteristics with diesel fuel and no modifications need to the engine, has became as a replacement for diesel fuel. Design, construction and optimization of biodiesel production process are main objectives of this research. Waste cooking oil used as feedstock and methanol as alcohol with molar ratio of 1:6 in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst with 1% by weight waste cooking oil. In order to optimize the production process, two parameters of stirring velocity in 3 treatments (650, 550 and 450 rpm) and reaction time in 6 treatments (10, 20,30,40,50 and 60 min) was investigated. The results show that more than 95% of ester conversion occurred in the first 30 minutes. Biodiesel production increased in stirring velocity of 650 rpm and reached its maximum. Thus, reaction time of 30 min and stirring velocity of 650 rpm is optimal for biodiesel production from waste cooking oils in a batch stirring reactor.

Determining the origin of the dust in the west and southwest of Iran using the MODIS Sensor satellite images and the Arc GIS

1131-1136Full Text

Ali Khodakarami Fard and Zahra Khodakarami Fard*

Abstract
Nowadays, the issue of dust storms has become a concern for the residents of certain areas of the earth. These dust storms are caused and influenced by high wind speed, regional soil type, dry climate, and regional vegetation, and greatly damage the environment and the health of human beings and animals. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of dust and the origin of this phenomenon in recent years. This study was conducted to determine the precise origin of the dust storms entering the west and southwest of Iran. For this purpose, the geological, topographic, and vegetation maps of the Middle East were used to investigate the origin of this phenomenon in the region. However, for a more detailed investigation of the origin of this phenomenon and its way of movement toward the western parts of Iran, the MODIS Sensor satellite images and the Arc GIS interpolation process were applied. The results showed that the origin of the dust storm phenomenon entering the west and southwest of Iran is a new dust-generating area located in the north and northwest of Iraq near the borders of Syria. The maps of geology, topography, and vegetation of the region confirmed these results.

A Study on the Effect of Electronic Trust Factors on the Success of B2C E-Commerce – Improvement of Conversion Rate Index (A case study of six online retailer companies in the city of Mashhad,Iran,2011-2012)

1137-1146Full Text

Issa Najafi

Abstract
Today, with the growth of internet penetration in modern communities, the development of e-commerce has become quite common as a modern solution for carrying out exchanges between buyers and sellers. Whereas a considerable amount of current financial transactions are done through the ecommerce that its main infrastructure is the internet. In the internet environment, unlike the traditional environment, there is no time or opportunity for transaction parties to meet face to face as well as actual exploring and physical sense of the exchanged products by the customer. This issue can cause some risks in this context for transaction parties. Due to online or electronic nature of the interaction in this environment, the term “online trust” or “electronic trust” is brought up which indicates that in an interactive system or relationship, one party as the truster is willing to accept the risks and vulnerability against the other party as the internet trustee, based on positive expectations regarding to future behaviors of the internet trustee. In the e-commerce (especially the B2C type) website is often the only intermediary between the company and customer. In order to assess the success of an e-commerce website, various methods can be used from which the evaluation of conversion rate is one of the most important criteria. The conversion rate is the value of ratio of the number of visitors in a given period to the number of genuine buyers. In this paper, the effect of online trust factors on the success of e-commerce website will be investigated by evaluating the conversion rate of 6 e-commerce companies and it will be discussed that by paying attention to the trust building factors, the companies can increase their average conversion rate to the extent of 0.1 to 1.0.

Comparison of wife inheritance in Sunni and Shiite jurisprudence

1147-1150Full Text

Mohammad Saedi

Abstract
The purpose of this research is the review of inheritance of women in Imamate and Sunni jurisprudence. This research comprises of four sections: the first section of the study is the general overview of the research which is the definition, explanation and subject matter of the research, review of literature, main and secondary research questions, research methodology, key words (inheritance, jurisprudence, wife, Imamate and Sunni). This research try to answer these questions: conditions of wife inheritance, the properties which wife can get inheritance, difference between wives. Based on research hypothesis, in Islam women like men have the right of inheritance. But it depends on terms of inheritance and the type of property. In this research, referring to the books and literature, after a general overview, as outlined. Bases on the evidence of wife inheritance have been studies. In next section, conditions of wife inheritance and its obstacle with different topics such as: the existence of clot wed couples, keeping the relationship till death, permanent marriage, wife inheritance, non-prohibition of the wife from inheritance which is essential to inherit has also been investigated. Later we discussed the different views and opinion regarding the issue of wife inheritance and her exclusion from inheriting to some property of the husband, which coordinates from Imamate jurisprudence. Each of the heirs entitles inheritance has a share of the properties. The Quran and the verses which determine the inheritance of wife from her husband estates like expression of people inheritance and state that the wife has a portion also the right to have her share from the husband assets and properties. Quran and in the same statements says: The Sunni jurist with regard to this verses argues that the wife has the right to have share of husband assets. Majority of Shiite jurists excludes wife inheriting some properties such as land, buildings. Sheikh Tooi in his books says: wife has no share from building and lands instead the bricks and woods values to be estimated and wife share is to be paid to her. Majority of the jurist objected this statement and argued that “the wife inherits the entire property. Our reason is the narratives of Imamate consensus. “Seyed Morteza in his book Entesar quoted that deprivation of wife from the some assets especially land is only in Imamate.

EVALUATING THE POSITION OF ESP FOR ART STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITYOF TEHRAN ART SCHOOLS

1151-1162Full Text

Mohammad Fadavi* and Ali Reza Ershadi

Abstract
This piece of research is an attempt to find and define the position of English language for special purpose (ESP) among art students in University of Tehran art schools. The aim the research is bound at is to clarify the need for an ESP on the part of art graduate and undergraduate students. Through the research, a short review of EFL history in Iran and its dynamic developments through different periods, its change to meet the learners need as well as the present attitude of art students towards English language in general and English for special purpose in particular are sought in a survey method conducted in University of Tehran art schools. Although the theoretical framework of the research is similar to a need analysis, but the fact is that its aim is almost far beyond searching for any prove for a self evident reality, rather it looks for the present position of ESP among Iranian art students and collecting more learners centered attitude and supportive evidence towards ESP current position and future prediction. Since, with a moderately young history, ESP in different fields has gained much ground all over the world and turned to be almost a must among specially non- native English speaking art students, evaluating its pros and cons from art students perspective is hoped to shed some light on the issue in art field.

The Effect of the Strategy of the USA Sanctions over the Oil Interest of Iran after the Islamic Revolution

1163-1166Full Text

Alireza Kochakzaee* and Ahmadreza Taheri

Abstract
Oil in new foreign policy of Iran after the Islamic Revolution was a special place, so that the Iranian oil policies that were influenced by Foreign Policy. In addition, the powers of the West and the East to avoid repeating the experience in the bipolar system, their efforts were all for it, one of confrontational politics, in way they treat Iran as OPEC oil was manifested most important financial source. Also during the years after the Glorious Revolution Muslim world, especially America arrogant attempt to harm the Islamic Republic of Iran in this regard, various tools have been used. One of the most important tools that an oil embargo, Iran has long been under sanctions. This article has been attempted in the United States of America sanctions strategy and its impact on oil interests be addressed. The results showed that petroleum policy in the national level, according to the international oil situation and based on an accurate understanding of economic, political, cultural and historical country. Set of patterns petroleum policy for protecting national interests, requires the cooperation of a wide range of experts in various fields.

Assessment of Urban Development Plans Affecting on the West Central Area of the City of Mashhad by Compact City Approach

1167-1174Full Text

R. Saberifar* and Mohsen Falahat

Abstract
Regardless of managers' emphasis on the criteria for sustainable development to achieve to the proportional and livable city, urban design providers do not consider the practice of these criteria. The purpose of this paper is, to evaluate the developmental plans of Mashhad for how to deal with the sustainable development criteria, especially in the approach of the compactness of the west central area in this city and also to study the compliance or non compliance of the compactness for this city. Therefore, in this study the quantitative indicators of compact city set out by descriptive and analytical method and using the AHP model, and then the developmental projects of Mashhad, especially in the western middle district of the city has been evaluated by compact city approach. Results indicate that the detailed design of the western middle area of Mashhad has obtained the highest rate of compliance with the compact city indicators and development plan earned the lowest score of compactness. According to the plan which was already running, it seems that re-evaluation of the goals and procedures can also prevent the credit losses, it can accrue more appropriate benefits to the city and the citizens.

Investigation of the Impact of Metacognitive Education on Mathematics Educational Performance

1175-1180Full Text

Somayeh Ghadiri

Abstract
This research aims to measure the effect of educating met cognitive skills and mathematical educational performance of elementary school fifth graders of public school in city of Kerman. It was conducted by quasi-experimental method. Statistical population consisted of four 20-student classes from elementary school’s fifth grade, which were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Then, first, researchmade mathematical tests and met cognitive questionnaires, which were found to be acceptable in reliability and validity calculations, were given as pre-test to all subjects in sample groups. In test group, met cognitive skills were taught to students by trained teachers for the period of three months, and during this period, control group were left in normal condition without receiving met cognitive teaching. Then, mathematical test and met cognitive skills test were again given as pretest to the four samples. The results of final administration of questionnaires were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods such as covariance descriptive statistics and multivariable variance. The results suggest that teaching met cognitive skills improves mathematical performance. There is a significant difference between performance of test. group and that of control group in pretest of variables of preparation, evaluation and ordering skills. So, teaching met cognitive skills has had an effect on improvement of met cognitive skills, and all above said skills also have had an impact on improvement of mathematical educational performance. Therefore, the following functional recommendations are suggested: holding met cognitive skills training courses for teachers, launching research teams with subject of met cognition, conducting research on age groups.

The study of energy conservation in wireless sensor networks

1181-1190Full Text

Javad Hamidzadeh* and Saeed Rakhshanipoor

Abstract
In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) used for environmental monitoring, health monitoring and industrial monitoring has been widely recommended as a means of reducing the energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Wireless sensing in commercial and office buildings has lead to a greater awareness of the condition of buildings and their systems: As it provides information necessary for those in charge of building operation and maintenance to recognize limits and non-functioning equipment and systems and prioritise building maintenance tasks etc. In the recent years, numerous articles have been published describing new algorithms, routing protocols and architectures aiming at WSN lifetime maximization, through energy awareness. Already proposed routing techniques for WSNs aiming at energy conservation, employ routing tactics such as data aggregation, in-network processing, clustering, different node role assignment and data-centric methods. Duty cycling is mainly focused on the networking subsystem. The most effective energy-conserving operation is putting the radio transceiver in the (low-power) sleep mode whenever communication is not required. Ideally, the radio should be switched off as soon as there is no more data to send/receive, and should be resumed as soon as a new data packet becomes ready.

Discussion of Relations of Foreign Policy of Russia and United States of America with its Effect on Foreign Policy of Iran since 2005 to now (2013)

1191-1198Full Text

Mashhoudi Ali

Abstract
America and Russia are located in two opposition poles of international system and they draw different figure of world for themselves. Reason of obscurity of these relations is that the policies and aims of United States of America in the area of former soviet union (including Nato extension, attract countries of area to economical, political and army association of west and encourage anti Russia policy between the officials of the countries) and also in the European security and prevent new system of European comprehensive security system, avoid from grant right of vote ( emphasis on European security and prevent from new security system in Atlantic ) is serious for vital sources of Russia. Experience of Russia- America relations showed that every effort was defeated for amending relations between two countries without attention to existing conflicts and emphasis on shared aspects of shared benefited points. These problems and challenges are so important for Moscow so that if doesn’t solve it, this country cannot reconcile in the fields. Based on it, Russia and America need to mutual pasts, searching interactive compromise solutions and remove opposite views on shared benefited countries and European security. This research considers relations of America and Russia in the political, security aspects. The prominent aim is that relation of America and Russia id derived to change direction in foreign policy of Islamic Republic into east. The importance of this research is considering effect of Russia and America polices on direction of foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran and offering strategies for dynamism foreign policy of Iran more.

The generating set for some maximal soluble subgroups of GL(4,Pk)

1199-1215Full Text

Behnam Razzaghmaneshi

Abstract
In this paper we show that the number of conjugacy classes of irreducible soluble GL(4,3) subgroup of is 108, whose :65 consist of imprimitive groups and 43 of primitive groups.

Survey Political Misdeed in Jurisprudence and Law Iran

1216-1222Full Text

Mohammadreza Khosravi Nezhad*, Ali Jamadi and Mehdi Niknafs

Abstract
In this article, we intend to recognize the criterion or criteria meant by the constitution in defining political crime by questioning about the identity of political crime. Does the constitution intend to support all political criminals or just some special ones that criticize the government and its structure and governors while they accept the basis of the Islamic Republic? So, with reviewing the philosophy and background of separation of common crime from political crime in Iran, and reviewing the criteria of recognizing political crimes, we will present criterion and by dividing political crimes to inter-system and outer-system groups we will conclude that political crime in the Islamic Republic is a crime with term punishment or preventive in which a person without the intention to damage the basics or framework of its system (religion, Faqih, Islamic or Republic), but with the intention of criticizing governors' performance or to gain or keep power has done something that is considered political crime.

Comparison of Executive Function In Deaf Children With Early And Late Intervention

1223-1227Full Text

Sakineh soltani koohbanani* and Razieh Khoosrogerd

Abstract
Objective. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the comparetion between age of enrollment in intervention and executive function (EF) and Nonverbal intelligence in a group of deaf children. Method: Nonverbal intelligence and EF at 3 years of age were examined in a group of 20 children (14 boys and 6 girls) from Tehran, Iran, ages 3 to 5 years (M = 3/7 years, SD = 1/11) who were enrolled earliest (eg, by 11 months of age) demonstrated. The comparison group consisted of 20 children (11 boys and 9 girls) ages 5 to 7 years (M = 5/10 years, SD = 2/1) EF at 5 years of age than did later-enrolled children. who were enrolled at various ages in a comprehensive intervention program. EF were explored in a subgroup of 20 of these children. Participants were evaluated using of the EF Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) was developed by Goya et al (1996) ). For assessing Nonverbal intelligence we used the original Wechsler Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1949). Result: Executive function and Nonverbal intelligence revealed that deaf children that enrolled late in intervention classes compared with who that enrolled soon have deficits in executive functions. Conclusion: A statistically significant was found between age of enrollment and EF and Nonverbal intelligence